The diagnosis of amniotic fluid embolism is difficult to make and can only be confirmed at autopsy by the presence of fetal cells and debris in the mother’s lung. The incidence of amniotic fluid embolism is very low and when it occurs death is inevitable. Studies from the USA reveal that close to 50 percent of women die within the first hour after onset of symptoms. Those who survive develop a multitude of other problems like bleeding and kidney failure. Women of all races, cultures and ethnic background can be affected and so far no risk factors have been identified.

The disorder typically occurs during the later stages of labor. The female may experience a sudden drop in blood pressure, become short of breath and may suffer a cardiac arrest. Because the disorder is so unpredictable, there is no effective treatment. The only way to prevent it is to be aware of it.